Main Article Content

Vaishnavi Mahadavan David K Daniel

Abstract

The presence of chromium in high concentrations in industrial effluents is of major concern, being extremely toxic and non-biodegradable, thus persistent and harmful to the ecosystem. Using microorganisms for adsorption of heavy metals has emerged as a potential alternative over the conventional methods and is gaining significance due to its incontestable merits. Since fungi amass metals more than their nutritional requirement, the present study in investigation of efficiency of Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 biomass for sorption of chromium by means of development of an immobilised whole cell system is significant. The effect of operational parameters like initial chromium concentration, time, temperature and pH on chromium removal was studied and the efficient conditions for the process were established. Kinetics studies revealed that, the pseudo second order model was found to best represent the process with higher R2 values than others. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied and the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit. It was also established by means of thermodynamic analysis that the biosorption occurred chemically and the process was more feasible, spontaneous and efficient at lower temperatures.

Article Details

References

Ahalya N., Kanamadi R. D., Ramachandra T. V. Cr (VI) and Fe (III) removal using Cajanus cajan husk. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2007, 28(4): 765-769. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3a5e/140f8e9cdce9ea06e48e9ee3ccf9fa81eeab.pdf

Aksu Z., Açıkel Ü., Kabasakal E., Tezer S. Equilibrium modelling of individual and simultaneous biosorption of chromium (VI) and nickel (II) onto dried activated sludge. Water Research Journal, 2002, 36(2): 3063-3073. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00530-9

Al-Ghouti M., Khraisheh M. A. M., Ahmad M. N. M., Allen S. Thermodynamic behavior and the effect of temperature on the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions using modified diatomite: a kinetic study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2005, 287(1): 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.02.002

Alkan M., Demirbas O., Dogan M. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of anionic dye onto sepiolite. Micro-porous and Mesoporous Materials, 2007, 101(3): 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.12.007

Allen S. J., Gan Q., Matthews R., Johnson P. A. Kinetic modelling of adsorption of basic dyes by kudzu. Journal of Colloids and Interface Science, 2005, 286(1):101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.12.043

Altaf M. M., Masood F., Malik A. Impact of long-term application of treated tannery effluents on the emergence of resistance traits in Rhizobium sp. isolated from Trifolium alexandrinum. Turkish Journal of Biology, 2008, 32(1): 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2016.64015

Aravindhan R., Madhan B., Rao J. R., Nair B. U., Rama-sami T. Bioaccumulation of chromium from tannery wastewater: An approach for chrome recovery and reuse. Environmental Science and Technology, 2004, 38(1): 300-306. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es034427s

Arica M. Y., Arpa C., Ergene A., Bayramoglu G., Gene O. Ca-alginate as a support for Pb(II) and Zn(II) biosorp-tion with immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2003, 52(2): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(02)00307-7

Arica Y., Bayramoglu G. Cr (VI) biosorption from aqueous solutions using free and immobilized biomass of Lentinus sajor-caju: preparation and kinetic charac-terization. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2005, 253(1-3): 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.11.012

Belay A. A. Impacts of chromium from tannery effluent and evaluation of alternative treatment options. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2010, 1(1): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2010.11007

Bishnoi N. R., Garima. Fungus: An alternative for bioremediation of heavy metals containing waste water: A review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2005, 64(2): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.004

Brown M. J. Metal Recovery and Processing. In: Biotechnology, the Science and the Business (V. Moses, R. E. Cape, D. G. Springham Eds.). CRC Press, Overseas Publishers Association N. V. 1999, рр. 623-638, Print ISBN: 978-90-5702-407-1.

Central Pollution Control Board. In: Pollution Control Acts, Rules, and Notifications Issued Thereunder (Fourth Edition). Pollution Control Law Series, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, NISCAIR, CSIR, New Delhi, 2006, рр. 129-131, Print ISBN: 978-0-81-8639618-7.

Chandra N., Agnihotri N., Sharma P., Bhasin S., Amritphale S. S. Separation of lead ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption at talc surface. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2005, 64(9): 674-678. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/5116/1/JSIR%2064%289%29%20674-678.pdf

Chandrakala G., Kezia D., Naidu S. V. Optimization of chromium biosorption by Ageratum conyzoides leaf powder from aqueous solutions: equilibrium kinetics and thermodynamics. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2015,4(6): 152-163.

Chhikara S., Dhankhar R. Biosorption of Cr (VI) ions from electroplating industrial effluent using immobilized Aspergillus niger biomass. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2008, 29(5): 773-778. http://jeb.co.in/journal_issues/200809_sep08/paper_23.pdf

Eaton A. D., Clesceri L. S.,‎ Rice E. W.,‎ Greenberg A. E.,‎ Franson M. A. H. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater (21st Edition). Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association - American Water Works Association - Water Environment Federation. 2005, 1200 pages. ISBN-13: 978-0875530475, ISBN-10: 0875530478

Elangovan R., Ligi P., Chandraj K. Biosorption of Cr species by aquatic weeds: Kinetics and mechanism studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(1): 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.067

Foo K. Y., Hameed B. H. Insights into the modelling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 156(1): 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013

Hall K. R., Eagleton L. C., Acrivos A., Vermeulen Th. Pore- and solid-diffusion kinetics in fixed-bed adsorption under constant-pattern conditions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1966, 5(2): 212-222. https://doi.org/10.1021/i160018a011

Hameed B. H., Chin L. H., Rengaraj S. Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Desalination, 2008, 225(1-3): 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.095

Hashem A., El-Khiraigy K. Bioadsorption of Pb (II) onto Anethum graveolens from contaminated wastewater: Equilibrium and Kinetic studies. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, 4(1): 108-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.41012

Javaid A., Bajwa R. Biosorption of heavy metals using a dead macro fungus Schizophyllum commune fries: evaluation of equilibrium and kinetic models. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010, 42(3): 2105-2118.

Jianlong W., Yi Q. Microbial degradation of 4-chlorophenol by microorganisms entrapped in chitosan carageenan gels. Chemosphere, 1999, 38(13): 3109-3117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00516-5

Kratochvil D., Pimental P., Volesky B. Removal of trivalent chromium by seaweed biosorbent. Environmental Science and Technology, 1998, 32(18): 2693-2698. https://doi.org/10.1021/es971073u

Li-e-Liu., Jindun L., Hongoing L., Hoqin Z., Jie L., Hongquan Z. Equilibrium thermodynamic and kinetic studies of lead (II) biosorption on sesame leaf. Bioresources, 2012, 7(3): 3555-3572. http://152.1.0.246/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_07_3_3555_Liu_LLZLZ_Equilibrium_Kinetic_Thermody_Lead_Sesame/1617

Lin K., Pan J., Chen Y., Chenga R., Xua X. Study the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on hydroxyapatite nanopowders. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 161(1): 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.076

Malkoc E., Nuhoglu Y., Dundar M. Adsorption of chromium (VI) on pomace. An olive oil industry waste: Batch and column studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 138(1): 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.051

Meena A. K., Mishra G. K., Kumar S., Rajagopal C. Nagar P. N. Adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using different adsorbents. Indian Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2004, 63(5): 410-416.

Mohanty K., Jha M., Meikap B. C., Biswas M. N. Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride. Chemical Engineering. Science, 2005, 60(11): 3049-3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.049

Mungasavalli D. P., Viraraghavari T. Yee-Chung Jin. Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by pre-treated Aspergillus niger: batch and column studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2007, 301(1-3): 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.060

Nadeem M., Mahmood A., Shaid S. A., Shah S. S., Khalid A. M., McKay G. Sorption of lead from aqueous solution by chemically modified carbon adsorbents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 138(3): 604-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.098

Niveditha A., Pradima J., Archna. Chromium (VI) adsorption and its kinetic studies using industrial spent biomass. International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 2014, 3(9): 1198-1202.

Onyancha D., Mavura W., Ngila, J. C., Ongoma P., Chacha J. Studies of chromium removal from tannery waste waters by algae biosorbent Spirogyra condensata and Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 158(2-3): 605-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.043

Ozdemir G., Ceyhan N., Manav E. Utilization of exo-polysaccharide produced by Chryseomonas luteola TEM05 in alginate beads for adsorption of cadmium and cobalt ions. Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(15):1677 - 1682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.031

Pandey P. K., Sharma S. K., Sambi S. S. Kinetics and equilibrium study of chromium adsorption on zeolite NaX. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 7(2): 395-404. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?st10039

Papandreou A., Stournaras C. J., Panias D. Copper and cadmium adsorption on pellets made from fired coal fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 148(3): 538-547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.020

Prakasham R. S., Merrie J. S., Sheela R., Saraswati N., Ramakrishna S. V. Biosorption of Cr VI by free and immobilised Rhizopus arrhizus. Environmental Pollution, 1999, 104(3): 421-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00174-2

Preetha B., Viruthagiri T. Batch and continuous biosorption of chromium (VI) by Rhizopus arrhizus. Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 57(1): 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.03.015

Rao J. R., Viraraghavan T. Biosorption of phenol from an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger biomass. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 85(2): 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00079-2

Saha P., Chowdhury S. Insight Into Adsorption Thermo-dynamics. In: Thermodynamics (Prof. Mizutani Tadashi Ed.). InTech. 2011, pp. 349-365, Print ISBN: 978-953-307-544-0. https://doi.org/10.5772/13474

Sari A., Tuzen M. Biosorption of total chromium from aqueous solution by red algae (Ceramium virgatum): equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 160(2-3): 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.005

Secil O., Hamarat S, , Guven B. Studies on the applicability of alginate entrapped Chryseomonas luteola TEM 05 for heavy metal biosorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 146(1-2): 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.005

Senturk I., Buyukgungor H. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the biosorption of 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol by live Aspergillus niger. Ekoloji Dergisi, 2013, 22(88): 1-12.

Srihari V., Das A. Comparative studies on adsorptive removal of phenol by three agro-based carbons: equilibrium and isotherm studies. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008, 71(1): 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.08.008

Srivastava S., Thakur I. S. Biosorption potency of Aspergillus niger for removal of chromium (VI). Current Microbiology, 2006, 53(3): 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-006-0103-9

Tan I. A. W., Ahmad A. L., Hameed B. H. Adsorption of basic dye on high-surface-area activated carbon prepared from coconut husk: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154(1-3): 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.031

Veglio F., Beolchini F. Removal of metals by biosorption: a review. Hydrometallurgy, 1997, 44(3): 301-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(96)00059-X

Veglio F., Esposito A., Reverberi A. P. Copper adsorption on calcium alginate beads: equilibrium pH-related models. Hydrometallurgy, 2002, 65(1): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00064-6

Volesky B., Holzen Z. R. Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnology Progress, 1995, 11(3): 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp00033a001

Wu J., Yu H. Q. Biosorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution by Phanerochaete chrysosporium biomass: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 137(1): 498-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.026

Yu L. J., Shukla S. S., Dorris K. L., Shukla A. Margrave J. L. Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by maple sawdust. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003, 100(1-3): 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00008-6

Zhenga H., Liua D., Zhenga Y., Liang S., Liua Z. Sorption isotherm and kinetic modeling of aniline on Cr-bentonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167(1-3):141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.093

How to Cite
MAHADAVAN, Vaishnavi; DANIEL, David K. Modeling of biosorption of chromium by immobilized whole cells of Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112. Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 33-46, mar. 2018. ISSN 2603-3380. Available at: <https://www.ijfsab.com/index.php/fsab/article/view/3>. Date accessed: 13 feb. 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.30721/fsab2018.v1.i1.3.