Molecular characterization of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from peanut sold in northern Togo Molecular characterization of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The contamination of agricultural products and aflatoxins synthesis can be controlled and reduced by the application of a biological control product based on atoxinogenic Aspergillus flavus strains. The purpose of this work was to select atoxinogenic Aspergillus flavus strains that can be used in the biological control of aflatoxins. Thirty-four (34) strains of Aspergillus flavus were used and the Nor-1, Ver-1, Omt-A and AflR genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway were sought. The growth speed and ability of atoxigenic strains to inhibit the growth of toxigenic strains were also determined. The results showed that 50% of the strains have at least one of the genes sought and the percentages of inhibition (PI) of the atoxinogenic strains varied significantly from 16.98% to 62.50% at the threshold of 5% according to the Tukey test (p-value = 0.0000136). The mycelial growth speed (VCM) of the atoxinogenic strains varied from 7.5 to 10 mm/day with an average VCM of 8.4 ± 0.05 mm/day. Strains AKA-10; AGA-8; AMAN-35; ABA-28 and AGA-46 were found to be more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of toxigenic strains.
Article Details
References
Abdel-Hadi A., Carter D., Magan N. Temporal monitoring of the nor-1 (aflD) gene of Aspergillus flavus in relation to aflatoxin B1 production during storage of peanuts under different water activity levels. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010, 109(6): 1914-1922.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04820.x
Adjou E., Aoumanou M. Efficacité des extraits de plantes dans la lutte contre les moisissures toxinogènes isolées de l’arachide en post-récolte au Bénin. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2013, 70(2013): 5555-5556. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v70i1.98755
Aliyu B.S., Kutama A.S. Isolation and identification of fungal flora associated with groundnut in different storage facilities. Science World Journal, 2007, 2(2): 34¬-¬36.https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v2i2.51738
Bandyopadhyay, R., Ortega-Beltran, A., Akande, A., Mutegi, C., Atehnkeng, J., Kaptoge, L., Cotty, P.J., Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change. World Mycotoxin Journal, 2016, 9(5): 771-789.https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2016.2130
Ben Bordi I., Oubiri F. Determination of Aspergillus mycotoxins: characterization and reduction of toxicity. MSc. Thesis, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Echahid Hamma Lakhdar El-OUED University, El Oued, Algeria, 2019. [in French]. http://dspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/4195/1/589.01.012.pdf
Carvajal-Campos A. Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi: molecular markers as tools to unmask cryptic species. PhD Thesis, Research Center in Food Toxicology, INRA; The National Veterinary College of Toulouse] The Purpan College of Engineers of the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, 2018. [in English]. Available at:https://theses.hal.science/tel-02073580/document
Chabasse D., Bouchra J.-P., De Gentile L., Brun S., Cimon B., Penn P. Les Moisissures d’Intérêt Médical (First Edition). Cahier de formation. Biologie médicale No25, Bioforma. 2002, 160 pages. [in French]. https://sjbm.fr/images/cahiers/2002-Bioforma-25-Les%20moisissures%20d'int%C3%A9ret%20m%C3%A9dical.pdf
Chang P.K., Horn B.W., Dorner J.W. Sequence breakpoints in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and flanking regions in no aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2005, 42(11): 914-923.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2005.07.004
Diakite A., Irie M.G.B., N’Dri D.K., Yapo J.A. Détermination de la contamination par l’Aflatoxine B1 de la pâte d’arachide consommée par la population en Côte d’Ivoire: intérêt de la Chromatographie sur Couche Mince. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2017, 11(4): 1646-1654. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i4.19
Dieme E., Fall R., Sarr I., Sarr F., Traore D., Seydi M. African crops contamination by aflatoxin: review of existing methods of control. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016, 10(5): 2285-2299. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ijbcs.v10i5.27
Dongmo G.Z., Djeugap J.F., Fenohi N., Kenfack N.D., Takuete R., Teguefouet P. Contribution to the identification of post-harvest fungi associated with kernels of Ricinodendron heudelotii and Garcinia kola collected in the West Cameroon Highlands. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2017, 11(4): 1840-1850. [in French] https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i4.33
El mahgubi A. Modulation of fungal toxinogenesis by natural extracts. PhD Thesis, University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Toulouse INP, France, 2013. [in French]
Godet M., Munaut F. Molecular strategy for identification in Aspergillus section flavi. FEMS Microbiological Letters, 2010, 304(2) : 157-¬168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01906.x
IARC. Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. (First Edition). WHO, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Lyon, 2002, vol. 82, pp. 1-556, Print ISBN: 978-92-832-1282-9, eBook ISBN: 978-92-832-1582-0, Available at: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Some-Traditional-Herbal-Medicines-Some-Mycotoxins-Naphthalene-And-Styrene-2002
Kenza B., Moufida F. Isolation and identification of fungi antagonistic to phytopathogenic fungi of barley. MSc thesis by Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of the Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria, 2015 [in French]. https://fac.umc.edu.dz/snv/faculte/biblio/mmf/2015/151-2015.pdf
Krnjaja V., Mandić V., Stanković S., Obradović A., Vasić T., Lukić M., Bijelić Z. Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. Crop Protection, 2019, 116(2): 126-131.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021
Mahror N., Selamat J., Mahmud Ab Rashid N.-K., Son R., Cheow Keat C., Nik Iskandar Putra S., Abdul Halim F. Molecular characterisation of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus section flavi isolated from imported peanuts along the supply chain in Malaysia. Toxins (Basel), 2019, 11(9): 90501.https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090535
Matmoura A., Bouti K., Bouras N. Research of populations of aflatoxinogenic Aspergillus section flavi in almonds marketed in three Algerian regions. African Review of Science, Technology and Dévelopment, 2019, 4(1): 1-13. https://arstd.univadrar.edu.dz/index.php?journal=arstd&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=62
Mohamed N.F., El-Dine R.S.S., Kotb M.A.M., Saber A. Assessing the Possible Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Reduction of aflatoxin B1, and on the Moisture Content in Some Cereal Grains. American Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2015, 7(1): 33-39. https://doi.org/10.5099/aj150100033
Mohammed A., Chala A. Incidence of Aspergillus contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2014, 8(8): 759-765. [in French] https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.2078
Mokhtari W., Chtaina N., Halmschlager E., Volgmayr H., Stauffer C., Jaklitsch W. Potential antagonism of some Trichoderma strains isolated from Moroccan soil against three phytopathogenic fungi of great economic importance. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017, 5(3): 248-254. [in French] https://www.agrimaroc.org/index.php/Actes_IAVH2/article/view/528
Mutegi C., Ngugi H., Hendriks S., Jones R. Factors associated with the incidence of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in the Busia and Homa bay districts of western Kenya. Plant Pathology, 2012, 61(6): 1143-1153.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02597.x
Ogara M., Adedayo O., Adgidzi A., Idahor O., Mohammed M. Fungi and aflatoxin B1 of freshly harvested, hand and machine shelled groundnuts and groundnut cake. Production Agriculture and Technology, 2017, 13(1): 26-29.
Qjidaa S., Laaziz A., Hajjaji A., Bouseta A. Effect of trans-resveratrol on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus tubingensis and A. foetidus species. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018, 12(3): 1345-1355. [in French].https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v12i3.22
Rao, V.K., Ramana, M.V., Girisham, S., Reddy, S.M. Culture media and factors influencing ochratoxin A production by two species of Penicillium isolated from poultry feeds. National Academy Science Letters, 2013, 36(2): 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-012-0096-9
RELIEFWET. Making Kenyan maize safe from deadly aflatoxins. News and Press Release, CGIAR, 4 June 2010. Informing humanitarians worldwide 24/7 - a service provided by OCHA. https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/making-kenyan-maize-safe-deadly-aflatoxins
Settaluri V.S., Kandala C.V.K., Puppala N., Undaram J. Peanuts and their nutritional aspects—A review. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012, 12(3): 1644-1650. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.312215
Soumaya A.B.S., Haouala R., Jabnoun-Khiareddine H., Daami-Remadi M. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp. and Aspergillus spp. against Rhizoctonia solani by double culture and test of their culture filtrates. Microbiology Hygiene Alimentaire, 2013, 25(73): 3-8.
Tedihou E., Hell K., Aziato K., Nyaku A. Assessment of aflatoxins prevalence in peanuts products in Togo. Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin, 2019 1(1): 129-136. [in French] http://www.slire.net/download/2577/article_16_pg_brab_n_sp_cial_itra_oct_2019_tedihou_et_al_evaluation_pr_valence.pdf
Touaibia M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Myrtus communis L. on laboratory medium and on strawberry fruits. Nature & Technology, 2015, 12(1): 66-72. [in French] https://www.univ-chlef.dz/revuenatec/issue-12/Revue-B/Art_286.pdf
Tsuneo W. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi (Second Edition). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2002, 504 pages. Print ISBN: 978-0849311185
Uzeh R.E., Adebowale E. Aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins in locally processed peanut butter in lagos, nigeria. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2021, 10(6): e3546. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.3546
Zouhair S., Qjidaa S., Selouane A., Bouya D., Decock C., Bouseta A. Effect of five fungicides on growth and ochratoxine A production by two Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger isolated from Moroccan grape. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 4(3): 118-126. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.4(3).p118-126
Adjou E., Aoumanou M. Efficacité des extraits de plantes dans la lutte contre les moisissures toxinogènes isolées de l’arachide en post-récolte au Bénin. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2013, 70(2013): 5555-5556. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v70i1.98755
Aliyu B.S., Kutama A.S. Isolation and identification of fungal flora associated with groundnut in different storage facilities. Science World Journal, 2007, 2(2): 34¬-¬36.https://doi.org/10.4314/swj.v2i2.51738
Bandyopadhyay, R., Ortega-Beltran, A., Akande, A., Mutegi, C., Atehnkeng, J., Kaptoge, L., Cotty, P.J., Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change. World Mycotoxin Journal, 2016, 9(5): 771-789.https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2016.2130
Ben Bordi I., Oubiri F. Determination of Aspergillus mycotoxins: characterization and reduction of toxicity. MSc. Thesis, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Echahid Hamma Lakhdar El-OUED University, El Oued, Algeria, 2019. [in French]. http://dspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/4195/1/589.01.012.pdf
Carvajal-Campos A. Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi: molecular markers as tools to unmask cryptic species. PhD Thesis, Research Center in Food Toxicology, INRA; The National Veterinary College of Toulouse] The Purpan College of Engineers of the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, 2018. [in English]. Available at:https://theses.hal.science/tel-02073580/document
Chabasse D., Bouchra J.-P., De Gentile L., Brun S., Cimon B., Penn P. Les Moisissures d’Intérêt Médical (First Edition). Cahier de formation. Biologie médicale No25, Bioforma. 2002, 160 pages. [in French]. https://sjbm.fr/images/cahiers/2002-Bioforma-25-Les%20moisissures%20d'int%C3%A9ret%20m%C3%A9dical.pdf
Chang P.K., Horn B.W., Dorner J.W. Sequence breakpoints in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and flanking regions in no aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2005, 42(11): 914-923.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2005.07.004
Diakite A., Irie M.G.B., N’Dri D.K., Yapo J.A. Détermination de la contamination par l’Aflatoxine B1 de la pâte d’arachide consommée par la population en Côte d’Ivoire: intérêt de la Chromatographie sur Couche Mince. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2017, 11(4): 1646-1654. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i4.19
Dieme E., Fall R., Sarr I., Sarr F., Traore D., Seydi M. African crops contamination by aflatoxin: review of existing methods of control. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016, 10(5): 2285-2299. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ijbcs.v10i5.27
Dongmo G.Z., Djeugap J.F., Fenohi N., Kenfack N.D., Takuete R., Teguefouet P. Contribution to the identification of post-harvest fungi associated with kernels of Ricinodendron heudelotii and Garcinia kola collected in the West Cameroon Highlands. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2017, 11(4): 1840-1850. [in French] https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i4.33
El mahgubi A. Modulation of fungal toxinogenesis by natural extracts. PhD Thesis, University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Toulouse INP, France, 2013. [in French]
Godet M., Munaut F. Molecular strategy for identification in Aspergillus section flavi. FEMS Microbiological Letters, 2010, 304(2) : 157-¬168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01906.x
IARC. Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. (First Edition). WHO, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Lyon, 2002, vol. 82, pp. 1-556, Print ISBN: 978-92-832-1282-9, eBook ISBN: 978-92-832-1582-0, Available at: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Some-Traditional-Herbal-Medicines-Some-Mycotoxins-Naphthalene-And-Styrene-2002
Kenza B., Moufida F. Isolation and identification of fungi antagonistic to phytopathogenic fungi of barley. MSc thesis by Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of the Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria, 2015 [in French]. https://fac.umc.edu.dz/snv/faculte/biblio/mmf/2015/151-2015.pdf
Krnjaja V., Mandić V., Stanković S., Obradović A., Vasić T., Lukić M., Bijelić Z. Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. Crop Protection, 2019, 116(2): 126-131.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021
Mahror N., Selamat J., Mahmud Ab Rashid N.-K., Son R., Cheow Keat C., Nik Iskandar Putra S., Abdul Halim F. Molecular characterisation of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus section flavi isolated from imported peanuts along the supply chain in Malaysia. Toxins (Basel), 2019, 11(9): 90501.https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090535
Matmoura A., Bouti K., Bouras N. Research of populations of aflatoxinogenic Aspergillus section flavi in almonds marketed in three Algerian regions. African Review of Science, Technology and Dévelopment, 2019, 4(1): 1-13. https://arstd.univadrar.edu.dz/index.php?journal=arstd&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=62
Mohamed N.F., El-Dine R.S.S., Kotb M.A.M., Saber A. Assessing the Possible Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Reduction of aflatoxin B1, and on the Moisture Content in Some Cereal Grains. American Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2015, 7(1): 33-39. https://doi.org/10.5099/aj150100033
Mohammed A., Chala A. Incidence of Aspergillus contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2014, 8(8): 759-765. [in French] https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.2078
Mokhtari W., Chtaina N., Halmschlager E., Volgmayr H., Stauffer C., Jaklitsch W. Potential antagonism of some Trichoderma strains isolated from Moroccan soil against three phytopathogenic fungi of great economic importance. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017, 5(3): 248-254. [in French] https://www.agrimaroc.org/index.php/Actes_IAVH2/article/view/528
Mutegi C., Ngugi H., Hendriks S., Jones R. Factors associated with the incidence of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in the Busia and Homa bay districts of western Kenya. Plant Pathology, 2012, 61(6): 1143-1153.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02597.x
Ogara M., Adedayo O., Adgidzi A., Idahor O., Mohammed M. Fungi and aflatoxin B1 of freshly harvested, hand and machine shelled groundnuts and groundnut cake. Production Agriculture and Technology, 2017, 13(1): 26-29.
Qjidaa S., Laaziz A., Hajjaji A., Bouseta A. Effect of trans-resveratrol on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus tubingensis and A. foetidus species. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018, 12(3): 1345-1355. [in French].https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v12i3.22
Rao, V.K., Ramana, M.V., Girisham, S., Reddy, S.M. Culture media and factors influencing ochratoxin A production by two species of Penicillium isolated from poultry feeds. National Academy Science Letters, 2013, 36(2): 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-012-0096-9
RELIEFWET. Making Kenyan maize safe from deadly aflatoxins. News and Press Release, CGIAR, 4 June 2010. Informing humanitarians worldwide 24/7 - a service provided by OCHA. https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/making-kenyan-maize-safe-deadly-aflatoxins
Settaluri V.S., Kandala C.V.K., Puppala N., Undaram J. Peanuts and their nutritional aspects—A review. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012, 12(3): 1644-1650. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.312215
Soumaya A.B.S., Haouala R., Jabnoun-Khiareddine H., Daami-Remadi M. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp. and Aspergillus spp. against Rhizoctonia solani by double culture and test of their culture filtrates. Microbiology Hygiene Alimentaire, 2013, 25(73): 3-8.
Tedihou E., Hell K., Aziato K., Nyaku A. Assessment of aflatoxins prevalence in peanuts products in Togo. Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin, 2019 1(1): 129-136. [in French] http://www.slire.net/download/2577/article_16_pg_brab_n_sp_cial_itra_oct_2019_tedihou_et_al_evaluation_pr_valence.pdf
Touaibia M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Myrtus communis L. on laboratory medium and on strawberry fruits. Nature & Technology, 2015, 12(1): 66-72. [in French] https://www.univ-chlef.dz/revuenatec/issue-12/Revue-B/Art_286.pdf
Tsuneo W. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi (Second Edition). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2002, 504 pages. Print ISBN: 978-0849311185
Uzeh R.E., Adebowale E. Aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins in locally processed peanut butter in lagos, nigeria. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2021, 10(6): e3546. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.3546
Zouhair S., Qjidaa S., Selouane A., Bouya D., Decock C., Bouseta A. Effect of five fungicides on growth and ochratoxine A production by two Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger isolated from Moroccan grape. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 4(3): 118-126. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.4(3).p118-126
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Licensing Agency
Institutions based in the EU with a valid photocopying and/or digital license with the Copyright Licensing Agency may copy excerpts from books and journals published by the Academic Publishing House of the UFT Plovdiv under the terms of their license.
Copyright Clearance Center
Institutions based in the US with a valid photocopying and/or digital license with the Copyright Clearance Center may copy excerpts from books and journals published by the Academic Publishing House of the UFT Plovdiv under the terms of their license.
Other Territories: Please contact your local reproduction rights organization.
If you have any questions about the permitted uses of a specific article, please contact us.
Permissions Department of the Academic Publishing House of the UFT Plovdiv
Plovdiv 4002, 26 Maritsa Blvd., Bulgaria
E-mail: editor.in.chief@ijfsab.com
Tel.: +359 (32) 603-802
Fax: +359 32/ 644 102
How to Cite
LARE, N’pagyendou et al.
Molecular characterization of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from peanut sold in northern Togo.
Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 77-86, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2603-3380.
Available at: <https://www.ijfsab.com/index.php/fsab/article/view/227>. Date accessed: 12 sep. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30721/fsab2023.v6.i1.227.