Chemical and fatty acid composition of broilers meat as affected by dietary supplementation of tobacco seed and red pepper seed meals - a pilot study Effect of tobacco and red pepper seed cakes on broiler meat
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Abstract
This pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of tobacco seed cake and sweet red pepper seed cake supplemented in amount of 0.5% to the diet of broilers on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of breast and thigh meat. A total of 54 male broilers were involved in the experiment. The birds were divided into three dietary groups: CON – basal diet, T1 – basal diet+0.5% tobacco seed cake, T2 basal diet + 0.5% sweet red pepper seed cake. Each group contained 6 replicate cages with 3 birds per cage. The trial lasted 35 days. The results revealed that the diet of the broilers affected significantly the protein (p=0.0479) and fat (p=0.0148) of the breast with higher protein content in T1 and lower fat content in T2 in comparison to CON (p<0.05). The lower intramuscular fat content in the breast of T2 was associated with significant decrease in C14:0 (p=0.0200) along with decline in C18:1 (p=0.0041) and MUFA (p=0.0056). The dietary treatments induced considerable changes in the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the breast and thigh meat. The breast of the both groups fed seed cakes showed marked increase in most of the long chain individual and n-6 PUFA, while the total and n-3 PUFA were considerably augmented in T2. The thighs had increased content of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6 and C18:3n-3, particularly in the broilers receiving tobacco seed cake. The lipid nutritional indices were not affected by the diet and remained in the recommended ranges, except n-6/n-3 that strongly exceeded the recommended 4-5/1.
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References
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Luo N., Shu J., Yuan X., Jin Y., Cui H., Zhao G., Wen J. Differential regulation of intramuscular fat and abdominal fat deposition in chickens. BMC Genomics, 2022, 23(1): 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08538-0
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Pleadin J., Lešić T., Vujačić V., Milićević D., Buneta A., Šušnić S., Lukanić I., Krešić G. Comparison of chemical composition and fatty acid profile of traditional meat products from Croatia and Montenegro, Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 44(7): 5586436. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586436
Reuben D. T., Istifanus G., Uway F. R. Bitrus M. S., Nenchin P. L., Philip J. C., Otitoju A. P., Joshua P. G., Kopdorah, S. W., Sele P. C., Vongdip N. G., Adaji G.A., Yunusa U., Luka W. 2025. Nutritional content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed cake and its growth performance on broiler chickens. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2025, 25 (10): 30-44. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2025/v25i10678
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Song J., Lv Z., Guo Y. Research advances in intramuscular fat deposition and chicken meat quality: genetics and nutrition. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2025, 16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5
Sugiharto S., Nuengjamnong C. An update review on the use of agro-industrial byproducts on carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens. Discover Food, 2025, 5(7): 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00509-0
Tan Z., Halter B., Liu D., Gilbert E.R., Cline M.A. Dietary flavonoids as modulators of lipid metabolism in poultry. Frontiers in Physiology, 2022, 13(4): 863860. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.863860
Ulbricht T.L., Southgate D.A.T. Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet, 1991, 338(10): 985-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-m
Vargas-Ramella M., Pateiro M., Barba F.J., Franco D., Campagnol P.C.B., Munekata P.E.S., Tomasevic I., Domínguez R., Lorenzo J.M. Microencapsulation of healthier oils to enhance the physicochemical and nutritional properties of deer páté. LWT Food Science and Technology, 2020, 125(5): 109223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109223
Weng K., Huo W., Li Y., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Chen G., Xu Q. Fiber characteristics and meat quality of different muscular tissues from slow- and fast-growing broilers. Poultry Science, 2022, 101(1): 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101537
Zhang X., Jin S., Luo Q., Li X., Yin Y., Huang T., Zhao Y. Effects of ferulic acid on meat quality and fat metabolism in broilers. Poultry Science, 2025, 104(12): 106014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.106014
AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. , Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2005.
Berwanger E., Nunes R.V., Pasquetti T.J., Murakami A.E., de Oliveira T.M., Bayerle D.F., Frank R. Sunflower cake with or without enzymatic complex for broiler chickens feeding. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 2017, 30(3): 410-416. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0644
Bligh E.G., Dyer, W.Y. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 1959, 37: 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
Cosme F., Aires A., Pinto T., Oliveira I., Vilela A., Gonçalves B. A Comprehensive review of bioactive tannins in foods and beverages: functional properties, health benefits, and sensory qualities. Molecules, 2025, 30(4): 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040800
Cui H., Liu L., Liu X., Wang Y., Luo N., Tan X., Zhu Y., Liu R., Zhao G., Wen J. A selected population study reveals the biochemical mechanism of intramuscular fat deposition in chicken meat. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2022, 13(1): 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00705-3
da Silva D.A., Ludke M.d.C.M., Ludke J.V., de Souza L.F.A., Barros M.R., dos Santos A.C.F., Costa F.S., Sérgio Peres, Valadares C.G., Coldebella A., da Silva E.P., Carvalho L.R.R.A., Ribeiro A.G. Effects of including sesame cake in broiler chicken feed: Performance, nutrient metabolizability, blood parameters, bone assessment, and profitability, Poultry Science, 2025, 104(11), 105842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105842
Dal Bosco A., Cavallo M., Menchetti L., Angelucci E., Cartoni Mancinelli A., Vaudo G., Marconi S., Camilli E., Galli F., Castellini C.; et al. The Healthy fatty index allows for deeper insights into the lipid composition of foods of animal origin when compared with the atherogenic and thrombogenicity indexes. Foods, 2024, 13(10): 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101568
Dimitrova-Dicheva M., Balabanova T., Boyanova P., Ivanova I., Ivanova M., Balabanov A. Plant agro-food by-products as functional additives in dairy products: a review. Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, 2026, 9(1): 79-100. https://doi.org/10.30721/fsab2026.v9.i1.656
Djuricic I., Calder P.C. Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: an update for 2021. Nutrients, 2021, 13(7): 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072421
Domínguez R., Crecente S., Borrajo P., Agregan R., Lorenzo J.M. Effect of slaughter age on foal carcass traits and meat quality. Animal, 2015, 9(10): 1713-1720 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115000671
FAOSTAT 2024. Crops and livestock products. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize
Fatica A., Palazzo M., Tavaniello S., Peng M., Teshale D. B., Maiorano G., Salimei, E. Tobacco cv. Solaris seed cake as feed for light lambs: Growth performance, carcase traits and meat quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2025, 24(1): 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2455501
Harvey K.A, Walker C.L., Xu Z., Whitley P., Pavlina T.M., Hise M., Zaloga G.P., Siddiqui R.A. Oleic acid inhibits stearic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and pro-inflammatory responses in human aortic endothelial cells. Journal of Lipid Research, 2010, 51(12): 3470-3480. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M010371
Hayat M.N., Kumar P., Sazili A.Q. Are spiritual, ethical, and eating qualities of poultry meat influenced by current and frequency during electrical water bath stunning? Poultry Science, 2023, 102(9): 102838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102838
Huang J., Zhang Y., Zhou Y., Zhang Z., Xie Z., Zhang J., Wan X. Green tea polyphenols alleviate obesity in broiler chickens through the regulation of lipid-metabolism-related genes and transcription factor expression. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, 61(36): 8565-8572. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402004x
Luo N., Shu J., Yuan X., Jin Y., Cui H., Zhao G., Wen J. Differential regulation of intramuscular fat and abdominal fat deposition in chickens. BMC Genomics, 2022, 23(1): 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08538-0
Marangoni F., Corsello G., Cricelli C., Ferrara N., Ghiselli A., Lucchin L., Poli A. Role of poultry meat in a balanced diet aimed at maintaining health and wellbeing: An Italian consensus document. Food & Nutrition Research, 2015, 59(6): 27606. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.27606
Mariamenatu A.H., Abdu E.M. Overconsumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) versus deficiency of omega-3 pufas in modern-day diets: the disturbing factor for their "balanced antagonistic metabolic functions" in the human body. Journal of Lipids, 2021, 12(3): 8848161. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8848161
Pleadin J., Lešić T., Vujačić V., Milićević D., Buneta A., Šušnić S., Lukanić I., Krešić G. Comparison of chemical composition and fatty acid profile of traditional meat products from Croatia and Montenegro, Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 44(7): 5586436. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586436
Reuben D. T., Istifanus G., Uway F. R. Bitrus M. S., Nenchin P. L., Philip J. C., Otitoju A. P., Joshua P. G., Kopdorah, S. W., Sele P. C., Vongdip N. G., Adaji G.A., Yunusa U., Luka W. 2025. Nutritional content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed cake and its growth performance on broiler chickens. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 2025, 25 (10): 30-44. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2025/v25i10678
Rossi L., Fusi E., Baldi G., Fogher C., Cheli F., Baldi A., Dell’Orto V. Tobacco seeds by-product as protein source for piglets. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2013, 3(1): 73-78. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2013.31012
Santos-Silva J., Bessa R. J. B., Santos-Silva F. Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs – II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Science, 2002, 77(2-3): 187-192 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-3
Shramko V.S., Polonskaya Y.V., Kashtanova E.V., Stakhneva E.M., Ragino Y.I. The Short overview on the relevance of fatty acids for human cardiovascular disorders. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(8):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081127 .
Song J., Lv Z., Guo Y. Research advances in intramuscular fat deposition and chicken meat quality: genetics and nutrition. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2025, 16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5
Sugiharto S., Nuengjamnong C. An update review on the use of agro-industrial byproducts on carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens. Discover Food, 2025, 5(7): 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00509-0
Tan Z., Halter B., Liu D., Gilbert E.R., Cline M.A. Dietary flavonoids as modulators of lipid metabolism in poultry. Frontiers in Physiology, 2022, 13(4): 863860. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.863860
Ulbricht T.L., Southgate D.A.T. Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet, 1991, 338(10): 985-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-m
Vargas-Ramella M., Pateiro M., Barba F.J., Franco D., Campagnol P.C.B., Munekata P.E.S., Tomasevic I., Domínguez R., Lorenzo J.M. Microencapsulation of healthier oils to enhance the physicochemical and nutritional properties of deer páté. LWT Food Science and Technology, 2020, 125(5): 109223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109223
Weng K., Huo W., Li Y., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Chen G., Xu Q. Fiber characteristics and meat quality of different muscular tissues from slow- and fast-growing broilers. Poultry Science, 2022, 101(1): 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101537
Zhang X., Jin S., Luo Q., Li X., Yin Y., Huang T., Zhao Y. Effects of ferulic acid on meat quality and fat metabolism in broilers. Poultry Science, 2025, 104(12): 106014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.106014
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How to Cite
POPOVA, Teodora et al.
Chemical and fatty acid composition of broilers meat as affected by dietary supplementation of tobacco seed and red pepper seed meals - a pilot study.
Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 424-433, oct. 2026.
ISSN 2603-3380.
Available at: <https://www.ijfsab.com/index.php/fsab/article/view/789>. Date accessed: 14 oct. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30721/fsab2026.v9.i2.789.