Utilizing python for potentiometric redox titrations: A study on ferrous ion detection with potassium permanganate Utilizing Python for potentiometric redox titrations …
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Instrumental chemical analysis offers a powerful approach for qualitative and quantitative methods estimating various parameters. An open-source programming language is used to automate potentiometric redox titrations. Modern methods are preferred over conventional methods as they are useful in identifying linear dynamical systems and they also have low computational complexity leading to accurate results. Potentiometric redox titrations are powerful analytical chemistry tools for quantifying the concentration of analytes based on their redox properties, and they find widespread use in various industries, including environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, and chemical process control. The aim of this work is to integrate instrumental chemical analysis with artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence in potentiometric titrations can further encourage innovations in the field of industry. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a Python-based approach for automating potentiometric redox titrations, specifically focusing on ferrous ion detection using potassium permanganate as the titrant. By integrating Python with instrumental chemical analysis, the study aims to enhance the precision, efficiency, and accessibility of potentiometric titrations in analytical chemistry. Python is used effectively to simulate and analyse such titrations. NumPy for numerical operations, Matplotlib is used in plotting; the results were comparable with regular instrumental analysis and obtained satisfactory report.
Article Details
References
Anderson L., Troudt K., Bühlmann P. Critical comparison of reference electrodes with salt bridges contained in nanoporous glass with 5, 20, 50, and 100 nm diameter pores. Analytical Sciences, 2020, 36(2): 187-191. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19P235
Burns D.T. Chapter 11: Important Figures in Analytical Chemistry from Germany: From the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century. In: Important Figures of Analytical Chemistry from Germany in Brief Biographies. From the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. (D.T. Burns, R.K. Müller, R. Salzer Eds.) Springer Briefs in Molecular Science. History of Chemistry (BRIESFHISTCHEM), Springer, 2014, pp.11-47. Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12150-5, eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-12151-2, Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-12151-2
Compton R.G., Sanders G.H.W. Chapter 3: The Migration of Ions In: Electrode Potentials (R.. Compton and G.H.W. Sanders Eds.). Oxford University Press, OCP No. 41. 1996, рр. 48-56, Print ISBN: 9780198556848, Available at: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/electrode-potentials-9780198556848?cc=bg&lang=en&
Danilewicz J.C., Tunbridge P., Kilmartin P.A. Wine reduction potentials: are these measured values really reduction potentials? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67(15), 4145-4153. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00127
Fatibello-Filho O., Silva T.A., Moraes F.C., Janegitz B.C. Capítulo 2: Potenciometria: Introdução Teórica. In: Potenciometria: aspectos teóricos e práticos (First Edition). EdUFSCar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2019, pp. 11-23, Print ISBN: 9788590696278. Available at: https://edufscar.com.br/potenciometria-aspectos-teoricos-e-praticos-509600123 [In Spanish]
Hach Company. Titration Theory and Practice. Hach Company World Headquarters: Loveland, Colorado USA, 2014, DOC182.53.20103.Jan15. Available at: https://www.hach.com/asset-get.download.jsa?id=24124425653
Harris C.R., Millman K.J., van der Walt S.J., , Gommers R., Virtanen P., Cournapeau D., Wieser E., Taylor J., Berg S., Smith N.J., Kern R., Picus M., Hoyer S., van Kerkwijk M.H., Brett M., Haldane A., del Río J.F., Wiebe M., Peterson P., Gérard-Marchant P., Sheppard K., Reddy T., Weckesser W., Abbasi H., Gohlke C., Oliphant T.E. Array programming with NumPy. Nature, 2020, 585(9): 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2
Harvey D. Chapter 11.2: Potentiometric Methods. In The LibreTexts libraries, NICE CXone Expert, Department of Education Open Textbook, UC Davis Office of the Provost, UC Davis Library, California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot, 2019. Available at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeastern_University/11%3A_Electrochemical_Methods/11.2%3A_Potentiometric_Methods
Johansson R. Numerical Python: Scientific Computing and Data Science Applications with Numpy, SciPy and Matplotlib, (Second Edition). Springer Nature. 2019, 663 pages. Print ISBN: 978-1-4842-4245-2, eBook ISBN: 978-1-4842-4246-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4246-9
Krishnamoorthy V., Parmar J., Pisa M. Python Basics with Illustrations from the Financial Markets, (Fifth Edition). QuantInsti Quantitative Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2021, 663 pages. Print ISBN: 9798351822846. Available at: https://www.quantinsti.com/python-basics-handbook
Lambert K.A. Fundamentals of Python: First Programs (Second Edition), Cengage Publishing, 2019. ISBN: 9780357169889, Available at: https://www.cengage.uk/c/fundamentals-of-python-first-programs-2e-lambert/9781337560092/?searchIsbn=9781337560092
López C.D., Cvetković M., Palensky P. Enhancing Power Factory Dynamic Models with Python for Rapid Prototyping. In: IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) (ISIE 2019 Committee Eds). Proceedings of the IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE); 2019 12-14 June, Vancouver, Canada. IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2019, pp. 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781432
Rodrigues L.S., Andrade J., de Gasparotto L.H.S., Electromotive force versus electrical potential difference: approaching (but not yet at) equilibrium, Journal of the Chemical Education, 2018, 95(10): 1811-1815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00249
Rougier, N.P. Chapter 3: Operators & Statements. In: Code with Python (S. Sundaradasu, S.R. Sree Eds.). S Chand Publishing, Paperback. 2023, рр. 88-114, Print ISBN: 978-9355017574, Available at: https://www.schandpublishing.com/books/tech-professional/computer-science/code-with-python/9789355017574/
Skoog D.A., Holler F.J., Nieman T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis (Fifth Edition). Saunders College Pub., 1998, 849 pages. Print ISBN: 9780030020780
Sodhi P., Awasthi N., Sharma V. Introduction to Machine Learning and Its Basic Application in Python (January 6, 2019). In: Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Digital Strategies for Organizational Success; 2019 January 5-7, Prestige, Institute of Management, Gwalior, India; SSRN – Elsevier, Rochester, NY, 2019, pp. 1354-1375. http:// doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3323796
Svehla G. Vogel's Textbook of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (Fifth Edition). Longman Group Limited. 1979, 617 pages. Print ISBN: 0-582-44367-9
Szabadváry, F. History of Analytical Chemistry: International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry. In: Volume 26. International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry (R. Belcher, L., Gordon Eds.), Pergamon Press, Elsevier. 2016, pp. 9-20, Paperback Print ISBN: 9781483124704, Hardback Print ISBN 9780080109800, eBook ISBN: 9781483157122, Available at: https://shop.elsevier.com/books/history-of-analytical-chemistry/szabadvary/978-0-08-010980-0
Urban M., Murach J. Murach’s Python Programming (First Edition). Murach Books. 2016, 576 pages. Print ISBN: 978-1-890774-97-4
Whittemore O.D., Langmuir D. Standard electrode potential of Fe3+ + e- = Fe2+ from 5-35℃, Journal of the Chemical and Engineering. 1972, 17(3), 288- 290.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Open access articles are distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) license:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
If you have any questions about the permitted uses of a specific article, please contact us.
Permissions Department of the Academic Publishing House of the UFT Plovdiv
Plovdiv 4002, 26 Maritsa Blvd., Bulgaria
E-mail: editor.in.chief@ijfsab.com
Tel.: +359 (32) 603-802
Fax: +359 32/ 644 102