Isolation of saponins from the leaves of Psidium guajava and Garcinia quaesita and antioxidative capacities Isolation of saponins from guava & garcinia leaves
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Abstract
This study investigates the saponin content of Garcinia quaesita (Red-Garcinia) and Psidium guajava (Common-guava) leaves, which are known for their health benefits. The leaves were sonicated with 80% ethanol, and the obtained crude powders underwent sequential extraction/ fractionation with organic solvents. Crude saponins were obtained from the butanol and final aqueous layers. The functional characteristics of the isolated saponins were determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Antioxidant potency was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging assay and the FRAP assay. Interestingly, both crude and isolated saponins exhibited higher antioxidant potential. P. guajava saponins, GuSBF3 showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (1753.86 ± 1.52 mg Trolox Eq.g-1) and radical scavenging capability (IC50 value: 78.47 ± 0.02 ppm). The FRAP analysis of G. quaesita saponins indicated that the crude saponin exhibited the greatest total antioxidant capacity, measuring at 1284.56 ± 1.52 mg Trolox Eq.g-1. Additionally, the DPPH assay demonstrated that a particular saponin, GaSBF4, possessed a superior radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 102.94 ± 0.11 ppm. In this pioneering study, saponins were extracted for the first time from the Sri Lankan endemic plant G. quaesita and the widely cultivated guava species, P. guajava. Seven saponins were identified from each plant, though further purification is needed to determine their chemical structures. Notably, both crude and isolated saponins demonstrate considerable antioxidative activity.
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References
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